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The inheritance of two flowering traits of chrysanthemum, initial blooming time and the duration of flowering, was investigated using segregation within an F1 population derived from a cross between the autumn-flowering ‘Yuhualuoying’ and the summer-flowering ‘Aoyunhanxiao’ cultivars. The analysis, based on a single segregating generation and the major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model,...
The major limitation preventing the expansion of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) production in the Gulf Coast regions of the US is the risk of freeze damage. Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf has been widely used as a cold hardy rootstock for citrus production in freeze-prone environments. In this study, relative quantitative real-time RT–PCR was used to study cold responsive genes in Satsuma mandarin...
The interspecific cross between Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Tzvel. ‘rm20-12’ (R, 2n = 54) and C. makinoi Matsum., and Nakai (M, 2n = 18) was achieved using embryo rescue, and a single backcross progeny using C. × grandiflorum ‘rm20-12’ as paternal parent was obtained. The morphology of the two independent F1 hybrids (MR1 and MR2) differed from that of both parents. MR1 had a larger inflorescence...
In Mendoza, little is known about the olive germplasm, and even though there is a collection, studies about characterization and evaluation are scarce. The aims of this work were to make a morpho-agronomic characterization of the Mendoza olive collection and to identify locally adapted accessions with a good aptitude for oil production. Quantitative traits were measured in pit, fruit, inflorescence,...
To clarify the polyploid origin of the sweetpotato, we analyzed retentions of three distinctive types of Waxy intron 2 (Wx-In2) variants among 27 sweetpotato lines and 24 selected relatives and their phylogenetic relationships with Wx-In2 from 11 closest relatives. The three types of Wx-In2 effectively distinguish three diploid constituent genomes of very close homeology in the sweetpotato: Type I...
American watermelon heirlooms are phenotypically diverse in terms of their growth habits, fruit traits and responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Wide ranging DNA marker tools resolved narrow molecular diversity among these collections. The current research explored additional insights such as extent of diversity at the methylation level among the watermelon cultivars. DNA profiles were generated...
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop grown in more than 100 countries across wide range of environments. Frequent occurrence of drought is one of the limiting factors adversely affecting groundnut productivity, especially in rainfed areas, and hence genotypes having high water use efficiency (WUE) under limited available water need to be developed. In groundnut, WUE is correlated...
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a dioecious plant. In general, male and female plants are used for open-field culture and intensive cultivation, respectively. Farmers distinguish between the sexes by observing the form of the flower organs. However, because flowering begins 2–3 years after planting, the sexes cannot be differentiated at transplantation by using this method, and planting of...
Differentiation of cultivars with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers is a very useful technique for the true-to-type characterization of cultivars and clarification of parent-offspring relationships. We developed an SSR marker set for cultivar identification comprising 15 markers that were screened from 46 previously published SSRs. This marker set could be used for apple varieties including Malus...
Coconut foliar decay (CFD) is a disease of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) associated with infection by coconut foliar decay virus (CFDV), which is endemic in Vanuatu, South Pacific. The local cultivar ‘Vanuatu Tall’ (VTT) is the only cultivar that is fully tolerant to CFD, whereas introduced cultivars and hybrids are affected to different degrees. From 1967 to 2008 a conventional breeding programme was...
Embryogenic callus of Phalaenopsis amabilis derived from leaf tissue was cocultivated with Agrobacteriumtumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring a plant cloning vector. The vector carried the lipid transfer protein (LTP) encoding gene cloned from cold tolerant Brazilian upland rice cv. IAPAR 9. The highest transformation efficiency (12.16%) was obtained when 1–2 mm calli were infected and cocultivated...
‘Marcona’ and ‘Desmayo Largueta’ are the most widely cultivated almonds in Spain, representing around 27% of the total production and 34% of the entire almond growing surface. The excellent quality of their kernels makes them highly appreciated and demanded worldwide. However, due to their self-incompatibility, they should be grown along with cross-compatible cultivars, whose lower kernel quality...
The effects of contrasting soil nitrogen (N) levels on the inheritance of the efficiency of N uptake and N utilization in grain mass formation were examined in winter wheat. Parents of various origins and their diallel F2-hybrids were evaluated in field and pot experiments under varying levels of soil N. The range of additive variance in the components of N efficiency was narrow, especially under...
Genetic maps are useful for analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding. A simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker linkage map of common wheat was constructed based on recombination inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Chinese Spring and spelt wheat. The map included 264 loci on all wheat chromosomes covering 2,345.2 cM with 962, 794.6, and...
s Glaucousness is a visual trait related to the colour of the photosynthetic surface and hence it can be easily selected. It is associated both with the deposition and orientation of wax platelets on the cuticle of the photosynthetic surface. It is known that the glaucous leaf character is determined by the W1 gene, and Iw1 and Iw1DIC genes from Triticum dicoccoides, which act as an epistatic inhibitor...
The new wheat germplasm 3228, a putative derivative of tetraploid Agropyron cristatum Z559 and the common wheat Fukuhokomugi, has superior features in yield-related traits, particularly in spike morphological traits, such as large spike and superior grain number. To identify favorable alleles of these traits in 3228, 237 F2:3 families were developed from the cross 3228/Jing 4839. A genetic map was...
The advanced backcross quantitative trait locus (AB-QTL) analysis has proven its usefulness to identify and localize favourable alleles from exotic germplasm and to transfer those alleles into elite varieties. In a balanced design with up to six environments and two nitrogen fertilization (N treatment) levels, a 4-factorial mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to identify QTL main effects,...
A male sterile plant of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) segregated from progenies of a transgenic family containing the leaf senescence-inhibition gene PSAG12-IPT in the genetic background of ‘Xinong 1376’, a well adapted winter wheat cultivar. The male sterile plant (named TR1376A) showed no phenotypic changes, except for florets and male organs, compared to its male fertile sibling plants (named...
Eyespot is a major disease of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in temperate climates and causes yield losses of up to 40%. The causal agents of eyespot are Oculimacula acuformis (syn. Tapesia acuformis; anamorph: Helgardia acuformis syn. Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides var. acuformis) and O. yallundae (syn. T. yallundae; anamorph: H. yallundae syn. P. h. var. herpotrichoides). Pch1 located...
Drought is a major agricultural menace reducing crop productivity and limiting the successful realization of land potential throughout the world. Therefore, breeding common wheat with improved drought-tolerance via genetic manipulation is of great importance. We have introduced the betA gene encoding choline dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli into common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Agrobacterium...
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